--- bash_scripting version 1 Wed May 16 11:25:31 +0000 2007
+++ bash_scripting version 3 Sat May 19 01:14:43 +0000 2007
@@ -1,75 +1,82 @@
-z "string" String has zero length
-n "string" String has non-zero length
Note
To check whether a variable is set and not blank, use -n "${BLAH}" rather than
-n $BLAH. The latter will cause problems in some situations if the variable is
unset.
Integer Comparison in bash
The general form of integer comparisons is int1 -operator int2. The following
are available:
Operator Purpose
-eq Integer equality
-ne Integer inequality
-lt Integer less than
-le Integer less than or equal to
-gt Integer greater than
-ge Integer greater than or equal to
File Tests in bash
The general form of a file test is -operator "filename". The following are
available (lifted from man bash):
Operator Purpose
-a file Exists (use -e instead)
-b file Exists and is a block special file
-c file Exists and is a character special file
-d file Exists and is a directory
-e file Exists
-f file Exists and is a regular file
-g file Exists and is set-group-id
-h file Exists and is a symbolic link
-k file Exists and its sticky bit is set
-p file Exists and is a named pipe (FIFO)
-r file Exists and is readable
-s file Exists and has a size greater than zero
--t fd Descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal
+-t fd Descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal
-u file Exists and its set-user-id bit is set
-w file Exists and is writable
-x file Exists and is executable
-O file Exists and is owned by the effective user id
-G file Exists and is owned by the effective group id
-L file Exists and is a symbolic link
-S file Exists and is a socket
-N file Exists and has been modified since it was last read
File Comparison in bash
The general form of a file comparison is "file1" -operator "file2". The
following are available (lifted from man bash):
Operator Purpose
file1 -nt file2 file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2, or
if file1 exists and file2 does not.
file1 -ot file2 file1 is older than file2, or if file2 exists and file1 does
not.
file1 -ef file2 file1 and file2 refer to the same device and inode numbers.
Boolean Algebra in bash
There are constructs available for boolean algebra ('and', 'or' and 'not').
These are used outside of the [[ ]] blocks. For operator precedence, use ( ).
Construct Effect
first || second first or second (short circuit)
first && second first and second (short circuit)
! condition not condition
Note
These will also sometimes work inside [[ ]] constructs, and using ! before a
test is fairly common. [[ ! -foo ]] && bar is fine. However, there are catches
-- [[ -f foo && bar ]] will not work properly, since commands cannot be run
inside [[ ]] blocks.
Inside [ ] blocks, several -test style boolean operators are available. These
should be avoided in favour of [[ ]] and the above operators.
+
+To download files that have zero-padded filenames (bob002.jpg etc. in this
+example):
+
+for i in `seq -f "%03g" 1 100`; do wget http://www.example.com/bob$i.jpg; done
+
+Change the seq formatting options for more or less padding.
